interface GenericIdentityFn3<T> {
    (arg: T): T;
}

function identity33<T>(arg: T): T {
    return arg;
}

let myIdentity33: GenericIdentityFn3<number> = identity33;



class GenericNumber<T> {
    zeroValue: T;
    add: (x: T, y: T) => T;
}

let myGenericNumber = new GenericNumber<number>();
myGenericNumber.zeroValue = 0;
myGenericNumber.add = function(x, y) { return x + y; };

let stringNumeric = new GenericNumber<string>();
stringNumeric.zeroValue = "";
stringNumeric.add = function(x, y) { return x + y; };

console.log(stringNumeric.add(stringNumeric.zeroValue, "test"));



interface Lengthwise {
    length: number;
}

function loggingIdentity<T extends Lengthwise>(arg: T): T {
    console.log(arg.length);  // Now we know it has a .length property, so no more error
    return arg;
}
loggingIdentity(3);  // Error, number doesn't have a .length property
loggingIdentity({length: 10, value: 3});



function getProperty(obj: T, key: K) {
    return obj[key];
}

let x = { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4 };

getProperty(x, "a"); // okay
getProperty(x, "m"); // error: Argument of type 'm' isn't assignable to 'a' | 'b' | 'c' | 'd'.


function create<T>(c: {new(): T; }): T {
    return new c();
}


class BeeKeeper {
    hasMask: boolean;
}

class ZooKeeper {
    nametag: string;
}

class Animal {
    numLegs: number;
}

class Bee extends Animal {
    keeper: BeeKeeper;
}

class Lion extends Animal {
    keeper: ZooKeeper;
}

function createInstance<A extends Animal>(c: new () => A): A {
    return new c();
}

createInstance(Lion).keeper.nametag;  // typechecks!
createInstance(Bee).keeper.hasMask;   // typechecks!

